The question of whether becoming a second wife constitutes sin touches on theology, biblical interpretation, and cultural context. While the Old Testament records instances of polygamy among key figures, the broader scriptural narrative and New Testament teaching consistently uphold monogamous marriage as God’s ideal. This article examines the biblical data, the shift from cultural allowance to divine intention, and practical considerations for contemporary believers
Biblical Overview of Marriage
In Genesis 2:24, the foundational description of marriage describes a one‑man, one‑woman covenant: “Therefore a man shall leave his father and his mother and hold fast to his wife, and they shall become one flesh” (New International Version, 2011). This verse establishes marriage as an exclusive, lifelong bond. Throughout Scripture, marriage symbolizes the relationship between Christ and the church (Ephesians 5:31–32), underscoring its unity and faithfulness.
Polygamy in the Old Testament
Despite the ideal in Genesis, key patriarchs practiced polygamy. Abraham took Hagar alongside Sarah (Gen. 16), Jacob married sisters Leah and Rachel (Gen. 29), and David and Solomon each had multiple wives (2 Sam. 5:13; 1 Kgs. 11:3). These narratives describe cultural realities in ancient Near Eastern societies rather than prescriptions for all people. The tensions, rivalries, and moral failings that arose in these families illustrate the challenges of polygamous arrangements and implicitly point to monogamy as the intended norm (Gen. 16–17; 29–30).
New Testament Reinforcement of Monogamy
Jesus reaffirmed the Genesis model when discussing marriage and divorce: “What therefore God has joined together, let not man separate” (Matt. 19:6, NIV 2011). In citing Genesis, He emphasized the original design of one‑flesh union. The apostle Paul, addressing church leadership qualifications, required that overseers and deacons be “the husband of one wife” (1 Tim. 3:2, 12; Titus 1:6, NIV 2011). Such language assumes monogamy as normative for all believers and especially for those in positions of spiritual authority.
Is It Wrong to Drink Wine According to the Bible?
Remarriage and Second Marriages
When a first spouse has died, Scripture clearly permits remarriage: “A wife is bound to her husband as long as he lives. But if her husband dies, she is free to be married to whom she wishes” (Rom. 7:2–3, NIV 2011). In cases of abandonment by an unbelieving spouse, Paul counsels freedom from the marital bond (1 Cor. 7:15). Under these circumstances, entering a second marriage does not violate biblical principles, since the initial covenant is no longer in effect.
Contemporary Considerations
Entering a second marriage while the first marriage remains valid under both Scripture and civil law raises ethical and theological concerns. Committing to a new spouse without dissolving the first covenant can conflict with commands regarding faithfulness (Exod. 20:14; Heb. 13:4, NIV 2011) and undermine the witness of the church. Christians in complex marital situations are encouraged to seek counsel from mature believers, pastoral leaders, and, when appropriate, legal authorities to ensure that decisions honor both divine law and societal obligations.
Can God Answer Prayer for Financial Needs?
Pastoral Guidance and Compassion
Pastoral care for those considering remarriage must balance truth with grace. While upholding the biblical standard of monogamy, the church should extend compassion to those who have experienced abuse, abandonment, or the death of a spouse. Providing clear teaching, counseling resources, and supportive community can help individuals navigate difficult relationships in a way that reflects Christ’s love and righteousness.
Conclusion
Scripture consistently presents the one‑man, one‑woman marriage covenant as God’s ideal. Although polygamy appears in the Old Testament, it is depicted within a broader narrative that highlights its complications. The New Testament reaffirms monogamy for all believers and outlines conditions under which a subsequent marriage is permissible. For Christians today, entering a second marriage must be approached with careful attention to the status of the first covenant, a commitment to faithfulness, and reliance on pastoral counsel to honor God’s design for marriage.
References
New International Version Bible. (2011). Zondervan.
Biblical quotations are taken from the New International Version (2011).